新SAT语法样题分析(一)：注重考查语法能力

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网易教育讯 4月16日，万众瞩目的新版SAT官方样题发布，网易教育第一时间邀请北京新东方徐艳老师进行解析，解开2016年SAT考试改革的面纱。

新SAT语法要求以文章为背景，考查文章中单词，短语和语言的使用。

［新 SAT 样题 1 ］

.     [. . .] The transportation planner’s job might involveconducting a traffic count to determine the daily number of vehicles travelingon the road to the new factory. If analysis of the traffic count indicates thatthere is more traffic than the （3）current road as it is designed atthis time can efficiently accommodate, the transportation planner mightrecommend widening the road to add another lane. [. . .]

.     A) NO CHANGE

.     
B) current design of the road right now

.     C) road as it is now currently designed

.     D) current design of the road

.

Thisquestion asks students to determine the most economical way to express an ideaclearly. Students must recognize that only one choice (choice D, “currentdesign of the road”) expresses the idea clearly
and concisely, whereas otherchoices introduce various redundancies (“current” and “at this time” in choiceA, “current” and “right now” in

本题选择D，主要考查简洁性，要求考生选择简明语言，这一点符合美国政府的官方语言需要简明的原则。这是老SAT常考的知识点。

［新 SAT 样题 2 ］

[. . .] As Kingman developed as a painter, his works were often comparedto paintings by Chinese landscape artists dating back to CE 960, a time when astrong tradition of landscape painting emerged in Chinese art. Kingman,however, （4）vacated from that tradition in anumber of ways, most notably in that he chose to focus not on naturallandscapes, such as mountains and rivers, but on cities. [. . .]

A) NO CHANGE

B) evacuated

C) departed

D) retired

This question asks students to determine which word makes the most sensein the context of a sentence from a passage about painter Dong Kingman. The bestanswer here is choice C because “departed” is the most contextually appropriateway to indicate that Kingman had deviated from the tradition of Chineselandscape painting in a number of ways. Each of the other choices also conveysa sense of “leaving,” but none is as effective in the sentence, as it would beboth awkward and unconventional to describe a person as vacating, evacuating,or retiring from a tradition in a number of ways. In this sort of question,students must demonstrate not only facility with language in general but alsoskill in using language in particular contexts to convey meaning clearly andprecisely.

本题选择C, 考查单词，sat要求考生写作不仅要语法正确而且要求精确和清晰，这个题符合此要求，在老SAT中也有此知识点，例如：

［作为对比的老 SAT 语法题目］

For  (A) any mayor of avast metropolitan area, an understanding of (B) currentissues in all districts is (C) not only desirous (D)but also vital. No error (E)

本题是老SAT的题，考的是单词的用法，本题选择D，应该改为desirable, 词义更精确。

［新 SAT 样题 3 ］

[. . . ] During his career, Kingman exhibited his work （7）internationally. He garnered muchacclaim. [. . . ]

Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlinedportion?

.     A)  internationally, and Kingman also garnered

.     B)  internationally; from exhibiting, he garnered

.     C)  internationally but garnered

.     D)  internationally, garnering

This question asks students to demonstrate skill in combining sentencessmoothly and logically. Students must demonstrate an appreciation
of thesubtleties of language by recognizing that while all of the
choices creategrammatical sentences, only one choice (choice D, “internationally, garnering”)preserves the writer’s intended meaning (unlike choice C, “internationally butgarnered,” which illogically makes the two ideas in the sentence seem at oddswith each other) and avoids clumsy repetition (unlike choice B,“internationally; from exhibiting, he garnered”) or a weak and unclearconnection among ideas (unlike choice A, “internationally, and Kingman alsogarnered”).

本题选择D，考查句间逻辑，要求考生能够更有逻辑的连结句子，这个知识点在老SAT中也经常考到，在ISE和IS中主要体现在连词的考查上，尤其在IP和考查最多，例如：

［作为对比的老 SAT 语法题目 1 ］

Thoughbest known(A) as a jazz vocalist, he also enjoyed (B) gospel music, whereby (C) he told his manager that he wanted to make a recording of (D) his favorite gospel songs. No error (E)

本题选择C，应改为so, 因为本题中whereby表示凭借某种方式，逻辑不通顺，因此应改为so.

［作为对比的老 SAT 语法题目 2 ］

再例如IP中的考法：

Which ofthe following is the best version of theunderlined portion of sentence 8 and 9 (reproduced below)?

In the process Lou Hooverdesigned for her two young sons a portable crib. It would remain stable   during the rocking of a ship .

(A).crib so that it would remain stable

(B).crib, and it would remain stable

(C).crib that nevertheless remained stable

(D).crib that would remain stable

(E). crib. It was designed to remain stable

此题也是考查句间逻辑。

［新 SAT 样题 4 ］

[. . . ] （6）His fine brushwork conveys detailed street-levelactivity: a peanut vendor pushing his cart on the sidewalk, a pigeon peckingfor crumbs around a fire hydrant, an old man tending to a baby outside adoorway. His broader brushstrokes and sponge-painted shapes create majesticcity skylines, with skyscrapers towering in the background, bridges connectingneighborhoods on either side of a river, and enormous ships maneuvering out ofa busy harbor. To art critics and fans alike, these city scenes represent theinnovative spirit of twentieth- century urban Modernism. [. . .]

Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?

.     A)  Kingman is considered a pioneer of theCalifornia Style school of painting.

.     B)  Although cities were his main subject, Kingmandid occasionally paint natural landscapes.

.     C)  In his urban landscapes, Kingman captures thevibrancy of crowded cities.

.     D)  In 1929 Kingman moved to Oakland, California,where he attended the Fox Art School.

.         This question asks students to demonstrate anunderstanding of the central point that the writer is making in the paragraphby choosing the sentence that best signals the paragraph’s main topic. Studentsmust carefully analyze the information and ideas in the other sentences in theparagraph to recognize that urban landscapes (and not natural landscapes) arethe primary focus (thereby making choice C the best answer and ruling outchoice B) and that a detail about Kingman’s place in the California Styleschool of painting (choice A) or about Kingman’s background (choice D) wouldnot effectively prepare the reader for the content that follows in the rest ofthe paragraph.

本题选择C, 考查文章主旨，要求考生在阅读文章是迅速掌握文章主要内容，此题属于新题，之前的老SAT对于文章主旨的考查主要是在IP中考查，为文章选择结论句，尽管相似但是还有不同，因此要求学生以后在学习SAT语法时要注重文章主要信息提取的能力。

［作为对比的老 SAT 语法题目］

Which would make the bestconcluding sentence for the passage?

(A).Nevertheless, supermarkets are devoting increasingly morespace to the display of organic foodstuffs.

(B). Ultimately, whether organic food's lower environmental impactcontinues to justify its higher cost will be decided by the consumer.

(C). And, as the cost of energy derived from conventional fuelsrises, alternative sources will become economically viable.

(D).As an added benefit, when one sort of pollution is reduced,support for sound environmental practices grows.

(E). Still, the issue will not be resolved until the governmentclearly indicates what is "organic" and what is not.

本题是老SAT2010年10月IP的最后一题，它要求考生读完文章后选择结论句，和样题4类似，但是略有不同。

［新 SAT 样题 5 ］

[. . .] Transportation planners perform critical work within the
broader fieldof urban and regional planning. As of 2010, there were approximately 40,300urban and regional planners employed in the United States. The United StatesBureau of Labor Statistics forecasts steady job growth in this field,projecting that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related tourban and regional planning. Population growth and concerns aboutenvironmental sustainability are expected to spur the need for transportationplanning professionals.

Which choice completes the sentence with accurate data based on the abovegraph?

.     A)  NO CHANGE

.     B)  warning, however, that job growth in urban andregional 
planning will slow to 14 percent by 2020.

.     C)  predicting that employment of urban and regionalplanners will 
increase 16 percent between 2010 and 2020.

.     D)  indicating that 14 to 18 percent of urban andregional planning 
positions will remain unfilled.

This question asks students to analyze data displayed graphically and
tointegrate that information with information presented in text — specifically,to determine which of four interpretations of the graph is accurate and torevise the passage’s wording as needed. The best answer here is choice C, asthe graph establishes that the employment of urban and regional planning isexpected to increase by 16 percent between 2010 and 2020. The other answerchoices misstate the data in the graph in one way or another. The focus in aquestion such as this is not simply on understanding information in a datadisplay, as important as that can be, but rather on demonstrating a broadcommand of evidence by synthesizing information and ideas expressed in twodifferent mediums (graphics and words).

本题选择C, 本题是全新的题型，图表分析题，本题不仅考查考生的语法能力，还考查考生的理科分析能力，根据图表分析数据。考生一定要对此题多加练习。