一项研究称，低碳水化合物饮食会缩短预期寿命，最长可达4年。
Cutting carbohydrates might also cut lifespan by up to four years, according to a new medical study.
低碳水化合物饮食，曾一度被认为有利于体重减轻，改善心脏代谢风险。
但这项长达25年，超过43万人的研究表明：低碳水化合物饮食会缩减寿命。
The peer-reviewed research published in the medical journal "The Lancet Public Health" suggests low and high-carb diets could shorten life, and diets including some carbs could promote a healthy lifespan.
这项研究的第一作者Scott Solomon称这项研究是“有史以来对碳水化合物摄入量最全面的研究”（the most comprehensive study of carbohydrate intake）。
The study analyzed self-reported data from more than 15,400 middle-aged Americans who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. The dietary patterns researchers found were compared against additional studies that included 432,000 people in more than 20 countries.
该研究分析了参与社区动脉粥样硬化风险研究的1.54万名美国中年人的自我报告数据。研究人员将发现的饮食模式与来自20多个国家的43.2万人的研究进行了比较。
研究称，吃适量碳水化合物的人比食用低碳水化合物的人长寿四年，比吃大量碳水化合物的人长寿一年。
Researchers concluded that people who ate a moderate amount of carbohydrates lived four years longer than those with low-carbohydrate consumption and one year longer than those who ate a lot of carbohydrates.
研究人员得出结论，吃适量碳水化合物的人比食用低碳水化合物的人长寿四年，比吃大量碳水化合物的人长寿一年。
Low-carb diets were defined as less than 40 percent of calories from carbohydrates and high-carb diets were more than 70 percent of calories.
低碳水化合物饮食定义为碳水化合物含量少于食物整体热量的40%，高碳水化合物饮食则是超过70%。
这项研究的主要作者、波士顿的布里格姆妇科医院（Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston）的研究员Sara Seidelmann在声明中称：
"Our data suggests that animal-based low carbohydrate diets, which are prevalent in North America and Europe, might be associated with shorter overall life span and should be discouraged."
“我们的数据表明，在北美和欧洲流行的以动物性蛋白质及脂肪为基础的低碳水化合物的饮食，可能与较短的总寿命有关，不应当大肆提倡。”
Researchers observed that people who replaced carbohydrates with protein and fat from animals had a higher risk of early death compared to those who replaced carbohydrates with plant-based foods.
研究人员发现，食用动物性蛋白质和脂肪来代替碳水化合物的人，比那些用植物性食物代替碳水化合物的人减寿的风险更高。
该研究的合著者、来自哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院（Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health）的Walter Willett说：
"These findings bring together several strands that have been controversial. Too much and too little carbohydrate can be harmful but what counts most is the type of fat, protein, and carbohydrate."
“这些发现把一些有争议的观点统一到了一起。过多和过少的碳水化合物都是有害的，但最重要的是脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的种类。”
研究者也推测，低碳水化合物的西式饮食，通常谷物的摄入量降低，导致动物性蛋白质和脂肪摄入量增加，这会增加体内炎症，同时促进衰老，这可能是导致死亡风险增加的一个因素。
虽然大量的证据证明了低碳水饮食可能存在的风险。但是，该研究也是存在局限性的。
调查结果只是显示观察性关联而不是因果关联。同时人们摄入的数据是基于自我报告的数据，这可能并不准确。
Self-reported data can be flawed, because it relies on the subject's memory. Another limitation of the study: Diets were measured only twice during the 25-year study period, at the start of the study and again six years later.
自我报告的数据可能存在缺陷，因为它依赖于受试者的记忆。该研究的另一个局限性是：在25年的研究期间，饮食只测量了两次，分别是在研究开始和6年后测量的。
本文来源：中国日报
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