双语阅读：英语国家哪个姓氏最常见？

'Smith' is still the most commonly used surname in every English-speaking country around the globe, a study has found.

一项研究发现，“史密斯”仍然是全球所有英语国家最常用的姓氏。

Lending firm NetCredit has researched the world's most common family names by country by charting its usage in a series of maps.

信贷公司NetCredit研究了各国最常见的姓氏，并将其使用情况绘制在多张地图上。

The maps show that Smith is still the most frequently used surname in the US, the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The company also researched the etymology of each name and categorised them.

这些地图显示，史密斯仍然是美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰最常用的姓氏。该公司还研究了每个姓氏的词源，并对其进行了分类。

A surname has five possible starting points, according to the study: An occupation, a personal description, the name of a place, the name of an ancestor, or to signify a link to a benefactor.

根据这项研究，姓氏有五个可能的来源：职业、个人描述、地名、祖先的名字，或表示与某个实惠者的联系。

The name 'Smith' originates as an Anglo-Saxon term for a metal worker or blacksmith.

姓氏“史密斯”起源于盎格鲁-撒克逊人对金属工人或铁匠的称呼。

Similarly, the most popular surname in Luxembourg is 'Schmit', which derives from a similar German root.

同样，卢森堡最受欢迎的姓氏是“Schmit”，源于一个类似的德语词。

In the US, the name is so popular that it's shared by one in every 121 residents.

在美国，这个姓氏非常普遍，每121位居民中就有一位姓史密斯。

In Ireland, where Irish is the national and official first language, Murphy is the most common surname.

在爱尔兰，墨菲是最常见的姓氏。爱尔兰语是爱尔兰全国和官方的第一语言。

A four-year-study by the University of the West of England in 2016 found that over 90 percent of the 45,602 surnames in the English dictionary are native to Britain and Ireland.

西英格兰大学2016年一项为期四年的研究发现，英语词典中45602个姓氏中，超过90%源自英国和爱尔兰。

The use of surnames in England started around the 14th Century but eventually became law when King Henry VIII ordered that all new births be registered in the name of the father.

在英国，姓氏的使用始于14世纪左右，但在亨利八世国王下令，所有新生儿都要以父亲的姓氏登记之后最终成为法律。

Some reports put the very first use of surnames as early as 2852 BC in China.

有报道称，中国是最早使用姓氏的国家，大约在公元前2852年开始使用。

In other parts of the world, the present day distribution of surnames is different with many more people with the same name.

在全球其他地区，如今的姓氏分布是不同的，而很多人姓氏相同。

In China, one in every 13 people have 'Wang' as their second name. In South Korea, one in five are named 'Kim', and in Vietnam, 25 percent of people are named 'Nguyen'.

在中国，每13个人中就有一个人姓“王”。在韩国，五分之一的人姓“金”，而在越南，25%的人姓“阮”。

In Europe surnames tend to either come from a profession, a father's name and even from the varied landscape of the continent.

在欧洲，姓氏往往要么来自职业，要么来自父亲的名字，甚至来自欧洲大陆的各种风景。

'Gruber', is the most popular Austrian surname, an evolution from the Middle High German word for 'pit'. 'Bērziņš', the most used Latvian family name, originates in the word for 'birch', which would signify someone who lived among Birch trees.

“格鲁伯”是最普遍的奥地利姓氏，由中古高地德语单词“pit”演变而来。拉脱维亚最常见的姓氏是“Bērziņš”，起源于“birch（桦树）”这个词，表示住在桦树林里的人。

The Slavic '-ov' means 'the son of' and is used similarly to the suffix '-en' on the end of 'Jensen' or 'Hansen' in Scandinavia.

斯拉夫语后缀“-ov”的意思是“XX的儿子”，在斯堪的纳维亚半岛，它的用法类似于“Jensen”（詹森，姓氏）或“Hansen”（汉森，姓氏）的后缀“-en”。

Due to the high prevalence of Muslim citizens in sub-Saharan Africa, the most common last name in a number of African countries, including Chad and Egypt, is a variation of Muhammad, the founder of Islam.

由于撒哈拉以南非洲地区有很多穆斯林公民，乍得和埃及等许多非洲国家最常见的姓氏是伊斯兰教创始人姓氏“穆罕默德”的变体。

The most prevalent surname in South America is 'Gonzalez' which derives itself from a Spanish name, originating in the German word for 'battle'.

南美洲最常见的姓氏是“Gonzalez”（冈萨雷斯），源于西班牙姓氏，这个词起源于德语中表示“战斗”的单词。